history of mobile phones

The inventor of the first mobile phone system is Martin Cooper, a Motorola employee on 03 April 1973, although widely touted inventor cell phone is a team of one division of Motorola (division where Cooper worked) with the first model is the DynaTAC. The idea of ​​the type proposed by Cooper is a communication tool that is small and easy to carry travel flexibly.
Cooper and his team faced the challenge of how to include all electronic material into a small device for the first time. But finally a first cell phone was successfully completed with a total weight of weighing two kilograms. To produce it, Motorola will cost the equivalent of U.S. $ 1 million. "In 1983, portable phones worth U.S. $ 4 thousand (Rp36 million), equivalent to U.S. $ 10 thousand (Rp90 million).
Having succeeded in producing mobile phones, the next biggest challenge is adapting infrastructure to support mobile communication systems by creating a network system that only requires 3 MHz spectrum, the equivalent of five TV channels are channeled to the rest of the world.
Another character that is known to be instrumental in the mobile communications world is Amos Joel Jr. who was born in Philadelphia, March 12, 1918, he was recognized worldwide as an expert in the field of switching. He received a bachelor diploma (1940) and master's (1942) in electrical engineering from MIT. Not long after the study, he began his career over 43 years (from July 1940-March 1983) at the Bell Telephone Laboratories, where he received more than 70 U.S. patents in the field of telecommunications, particularly in switching. Amos E Joel Jr., making the system connector (switching) from one region of the cell phone to another cell area. Switching it should work when mobile users move or move from one cell to another so that the conversation is not interrupted. Since the discovery of Joel Amos is a convenient mobile use.
[Edit] Functions and features

In addition to working to make and receive phone calls, the phone also has the functions typically sending and receiving short messages (short message service, SMS). There is also a provider of mobile phone services in some countries that provide third generation (3G) services by adding videophone, as a means of payment, as well as for online television on their mobile phones. Now, cell phones become multifunctional gadgets. Following the development of digital technology, now the phone also comes with a wide selection of features, like being able to catch the broadcast radio and television, software audio player (MP3) and video, digital camera, game, and internet services (WAP, GPRS, 3G). In addition to these features, the phone is now embedded computer features. So on the phone, people can change the function of the phone is a mini computer. In the business world, this feature is very helpful for the businessman to do all the work in one place and makes the job completed in a short time.
[Edit] mobile phone by function

[Edit] Mobile Business
This type of phone is intended for those who want a business device in your hand, usually mobile phones that have this capability quite smart phones (smartphones). Beragai business applications present in this phone and can make your office work can be seen and done in a mobile phone.
[Edit] Mobile Entertainment
This type of phone is a multimedia phone type, where all activities related to music, art, photos, and other social can be fixed with a phone. Many of these types of Mobile has its own variants, such as music phones, camera phones, and mobile social networking.
[Edit] Articles Fashion
Articles of this type rely more zoom, and can make its owner very satisfied though with features that seem simple. But behind it all, a fashion phone can cost many times the price of the most advanced phones. Nowadays mobile phones are to be found more expensive than the price of a vehicle, even more expensive than the price of a house.
[Edit] Articles standard
This type of phone is intended for those who want a simple phone, which features embedded in this phone is a core feature, no new technology is pinned.
[Edit] Developments

[Edit] Generation 0


Handie-talkie SCR536
History of the discovery of a cell phone can not be separated from the development of radio. Early discovery of cell phones began in 1921 when the Detroit Police Department, Michigan tried to use a car phone in one direction. Then, in 1928 the Detroit Police Department began using regular one-way radio communication on all patrol cars with a frequency of 2 MHz. on subsequent developments, radio evolved into a two-way communication with frequency modulated'''' (FM).
In 1940, Galvin Manufactory Corporation (now Motorola) to develop portable handie-talkie SCR536, which means a communication tool on the battlefield during World War II. This period is the next generation mobile phone 0 or 0-G, where mobile phones were introduced.
After removing the SCR536, then in 1943 Galvin Manufactory Corporation partable reissue the first two-way FM radio named SCR300 backpack model for the U.S. Army's equipment weighs about 35 pounds and can work effectively within the operating range of 10 to 20 miles.
Mobile phone system 0-G still use a VHF radio system to connect the phone directly to PSTN landline. The weakness of this system is the problem of congestion on the network which then led to attempts to change the system.
Generation 0 ended with the discovery of the modern concept by engineers from Bell Labs in 1947. They found the concept of using hexagonal phone as a basic cell phone. However, this new concept was developed in the 1960s.
[Edit] Generation I


1G generation mobile phone
The first generation mobile phone called 1G. 1-G is the first true mobile phone. In 1973, Martin Cooper of Motorola Corp. found a cell phone first and introduced to the public on 3 April 1973. Cell phones were invented by Cooper weighs 30 ounces or about 800 grams. This invention has changed the world forever. The technology used is 1-G is still analog and known as AMPS. AMPS uses frequencies between 825 MHz and 894 MHz operation at 800 MHz band. Because it is analog, then the system is still used regionally. One drawback is the generation of 1-G because the size is too big to be held by the hand. This is because the large size of the purposes of power and poor battery performance. Additionally generation 1-G still has problems with mobility users. When making a call, the user mobility is limited to coverage area of ​​a mobile phone.
[Edit] Generation II


Mobile phones in 1996
The second generation or 2-G appeared around 1990's. 2G in the United States are already using CDMA technology, whereas in Europe uses GSM technology. Using the standard GSM frequencies 900 MHz and 1800 MHz frequencies. With these frequencies, GSM has a capacity greater customer. On the 2G generation analog signal has been replaced with a digital signal. The use of digital signal equip phones with voice mail, call waiting, and SMS. Cell phones in this generation also has a smaller size and lighter due to the use of digital chip technology. The smaller size is also due to the need for a smaller battery. Advantages of generation 2G is the size and weight of the smaller and lower radio signals, thus reducing the effects of radiation membayakan users.
[Edit] Generation III


Mobile 3-G
This generation is also called 3G that allows network operators to give their users a wider range, including the Internet as well as high-tech video call. Within there are 3 standard for 3G telecom world ie Enhance Datarates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), Wideband-CDMA and CDMA 2000. The downside of the 3G generation is relatively higher costs, and the lack of network coverage because it is still new technology. But what's interesting in this generation is the inclusion of the operating system from the phone that makes phone features the full PC functionality even close. Operating systems used include Symbian, Android and Windows Mobile
[Edit] Generation IV
This generation is also called Fourth Generation (4G). 4G is a phone system that offers a new approach and infrastructure solutions that integrate wireless technologies that already exist, including wireless broadband (WiBro), 802.16e, CDMA, wireless LAN, Bluetooth, and others. 4G systems based on heterogeneous IP network that allows users to use multiple systems anytime and anywhere. 4G also gives its users high speed, high volume, good quality, global reach, and flexibility to explore a variety of different technologies. Finally, 4G provides fast data delivery services to accommodate a variety of applications such as multimedia, video conferencing, online gaming, and others.
[Edit] How it works

Inside the phone, there is a speaker, microphone, keyboard, display screen, and a powerful circuit board with microprocessors that make every phone as a mini computer. When dealing with a wireless network, a set of technologies enables users to make calls or exchange data with another phone or a computer.
Wireless networks operate in a network that divides cities or regions into the cells smaller. The cell includes a few city blocks or up to 250 square miles. Every cell uses a set of radio frequencies or channels to deliver services in a specific area. Radio power must be controlled to limit the geographic reach of the signal. Hence, the same frequencies can be reused in nearby cells. So many people can have conversations simultaneously in different cells throughout the city or region, even though they are in a line.
In each cell, there is a base station that contains the wireless antennas and other radio equipment. Wireless antenna in each cell will menghbungkan callers to the local telephone network, Internet, or other wireless networks. Mentransimiskan wireless antenna signal. When the phone is turned on, the phone searches for a signal to confirm that the service has been available. Then the phone will transmit a specific identification number, so that the network can verify the consumer's information-such as a wireless service provider, and phone number.
[Edit] Calls from mobile phones to home phones
When a call from one phone to regular landline, the call will be a walk through nearby wireless antennas and wireless will be changed by the conductor 'to the traditional landline telephone system. Calls will then be immediately directed to the traditional phone network and to the person who is the destination of the call.
[Edit] Calls from Mobile to Mobile
When a call from this, the call will be routed through the network to the introduction landline or wireless receiver in a wireless network will be routed 'to the nearest cell with the purpose of the call. While talking on the phone, the phone will capture the sound and convert sound into radio frequency energy (radio waves). radio waves will travel through the air to find the nearest base station receiver. Base station then sends the call through a wireless network to arrive at the destination the phone.
[Edit] Long distance calls
when making a call to someone who is far away, the call will be routed to the distant historical exchange center, which connects the call between the country or around the world via fiber optic cable.

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